Dear Lactnet Friends:

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2011
Jun;28(6):744-53.
Lead, cadmium and aluminum in Canadian infant formulae, oral electrolytes
and glucose solutions.
Dabeka R<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Dabeka%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D>
, Fouquet A<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Fouquet%20A%22%5BAuthor%5D>
, Belisle S<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Belisle%20S%22%5BAuthor%5D>
, Turcotte S<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Turcotte%20S%22%5BAuthor%5D>
.
 Source

Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada K1A 0L2.
Abstract

Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and aluminum (Al) were determined in 437 individual
samples of infant formulae, oral electrolytes and 5% glucose solutions
available in Canada. In the electrolytes, Cd and Pb concentrations were all
below 0.01 and 0.041 ng g(-1), respectively. In the 5% glucose solutions, Pb
and Cd levels averaged 0.01 and 0.09 ng g(-1), respectively. Reported on an
as-consumed basis, Pb levels in milk- and soya-based formulae averaged 0.90
and 1.45 ng g(-1), respectively, while Cd levels averaged 0.23 and 1.18 ng
g(-1), respectively Average Al levels on an as-consumed basis were 440 ng
g(-1) (range 10-3400 ng g(-1)) in milk-based formulae and 730 ng g(-1)
(range 230-1100 ng g(-1)) in soy-based formulae.


Al concentrations increased in the following order: plain formula < low-iron
formula < iron-supplemented formula < casein hydrolysate formula ≈ premature
formula ≤ soy formula. For example, in the powdered formulae, average Al
concentrations were 18 ng g(-1) for plain milk-based, 37 ng g(-1) for
low-iron, 128 ng g(-1) for iron supplemented, 462 ng g(-1) for lactose-free,
518 ng g(-1) for hypoallergenic and 619 ng g(-1) for soy-based formula. Al
concentrations, as-consumed, increased with decreasing levels of
concentration: powder < concentrated liquid < ready-to-use. Formulae stored
in glass bottles contained between 100 and 300 ng g(-1) more Al than the
same formulae stored in cans.


The source of the increased Al did not appear to be the glass itself,
because most electrolytes and glucose solutions, also stored in glass,
contained less than 8 ng g(-1) Al. Corresponding differences in Pb and Cd
levels were not observed. Al concentrations varied substantially among
manufacturers; however, all manufacturers were able to produce plain
milk-based formulae containing less than 50 ng g(-1) Al, i.e. within the
range of Al concentrations found in human milk. Next to soya-based and
hypoallergenic formulae, premature formulae contained among the highest
concentrations of Al, ranging 851-909 ng g(-1) from one manufacturer and
365-461 ng g(-1) from another.


Why isn't this information making the headlines?


warmly,
-- 
Nikki Lee RN, BSN, Mother of 2, MS, IBCLC, CCE, CIMI, ANLC
craniosacral therapy practitioner
www.breastfeedingalwaysbest.com

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