I believe the studies Ilene is referring to of children in orphanages  
were described first by Rene Spitz.  Do a Google search to get  
thousands of descriptions of his work.  One site is here:

http://family.jrank.org/pages/1232/Orphans-Early-Literature-on- 
Institutionalization.html

Also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene_Spitz

John Bowlby was another who described the need for attachment to one  
loving caretaker (mother) in his books, "Child Care and the Growth of  
Love," and a series on "Attachment," "Separation," and "Loss."

Read about him here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bowlby


Anne Altshuler, RN, MS, IBCLC, LLLL
Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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