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Tue, 9 Oct 2007 22:36:59 -0400 |
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Another follow-up to my Oct. 7th post, Subject "Reasons not to BF" addresses
the "mother who is infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or
type II. My research revealed the following:
"Today, the primary mode of HTLV-1 transmission is breastfeeding. The
mechanism is explained by HTLV-infected T cells in breast milk passing from
mother to child. Any other activity that can pass infected T cells is a potential
route of transmission. In the absence of blood-bank screening, blood-product
transfusions are a major contributor around the world. Other routes that
continue to contribute to HTLV epidemics are sexual contact (primarily males
transmitting to females), childbirth, and injection drug use.
The risk of vertical transmission of HTLV-1 from an infected mother is 20%.
This appears to be primarily due to duration of breastfeeding but is also
influenced by proviral load and quantity of maternal antibodies. Intrauterine
infection appears to be rare."
RESOURCE: Wainscoat, B., et al. (July 13, 2006). Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic
Viruses. WebMD. Retrieved October 9, 2007 from www.emedicine.com.
“Human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) is transmitted primarily by
sharing contaminated needles and by sexual contact. Unlike for type I, vertical
transmission of HTLV-II has not been documented, although breast-feeding
has been suggested as a possible risk factor for HTLV-II transmission. Recent
serologic analyses of prostitutes and Mayan Indians in Mexico identified women
with HTLV-II infection. We studied family members of four of these women
who were positive for HTLV-II to identify the mode of transmission of HTLV-II
to close family contacts. Although we could not document sexual transmission
in the sexual partners of these women who were positive for HTLV-II, we
report the first case of mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-II, which
occurred in an 8-year-old child who was breast-fed from birth to 4 years.”
RESOURCE: Lal, R., et al. (February 15, 1994). Mother-to-Child Transmission of
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV-II). Annals of Internal Medicine,
120(4): 300-301.
Stephanie M. Smith, Ivy Tech Student Nurse
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