Good day to all of you.  My name is Kristi Grove and I am a junior
nursing student and the University of North Dakota.  I would like to
respond to a concern/question that Dezerie Mogren posed on September
6th.

According to Filteau (2003), mastitis is not a contraindication for
breastfeeding nor has there been any adverse effects on infants
consuming mastitic milk with the exception of the HIV mother.  Mastitis
causes paracellular pathways to open up, which allows inflammatory cells
and extracellular fluid to enter milk.  This presence of plasma-derived
components increases HIV-1 load and the result is an increased risk for
HIV transmission (Semba et al., 1999).

Mastitis is caused by poor lactation practice resulting in milk stasis,
micronutrient defiencies (particularly Vitamin E and selenium), and
systemic infections (Filteau, 2003).  Therefore, the continuation of
breastfeeding is encouraged because as pathogens enter cracked nipples-
milk serves as a favorable medium to multiply.  Allowing the breast to
completely empty inhibits replication.

Sordillo and Streicher (2002) noted that women suffer from an increased
susceptibility to mastitis in the immediate postpartum period due to
diminished mammary gland defense mechanisms (both specific and non
specific immunity).   As a result, soluble defenses (IgG and sIgA)
increase in milk and, in some cases, were found to be beneficial to the
infant.

In conclusion, Filteau (2003) states that it's unlikely that mastitis
is of major concern as it pertains to providing vaccination to protect
infants.



Filteau, S. (2003). The influence of mastitis on antibody transfer to

     infants through breast milk. Vaccine, 21, 3377-3381.

Semba, R.D., Kumwenda, N., Hoover, D.R., Taha, T.E., Quinn, T.C.,

     Mtimavalye, L., et al.(1999). Human immunodeficiency virus load in

     breast milk, mastitis, and mother-to-child transmission of human

     immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal of Infection Disease,

     (180), 93-98.

Sordillo, L.M. & Streicher, K.L. ( 2002). Mammary gland immunity and

     mastitis susceptibility. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and

     Neoplasia, 7(2), 135-146.

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