Studies in a particular population subgroup do not always apply to the
general population or a different subgroup in the larger population.  A
study that shows that a SINGLE DOSE of beta-carotene or retinol of 100,000
IU after delivery or repeated SMALL DOSES of beta-carotene or retinol in a
vitamin A deficient population do not necessarily show that it is safe for
a woman who has had an adequate or even excessive intake of beta-carotene
or retinol.  Similarly, studies showing a negative impact in male smokers
do not apply to female nonsmokers.  Vitamin E can be toxic in excessive
amounts as well.  The same ethical rules that apply to drug studies should
apply to studies of the safety of megadoses of vitamins.

Susan E. Burger, MHS, PhD, IBCLC

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