> What does Africanization in honey bees _mean_, and _how is it measured_? With what certainty?

I sent a sample to Tuscon this spring. The results came back probability 70% Euro and 30% African, moved into the cue for further testing. This is based on wing length, vein morphometrics is next. 

It is quite clear that Africanization is a continuum, with very few results being unequivocal. DNA testing also produces a probability score. Behavior, while subjective, is still the best test. The bees in my sample wiped out a goat. 

PLB

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