>I don't think terramycin resistance is very common. I have sent almost 100
samples to USDA and only 3 beekeepers of these had it. If you have AFB you
should have it tested for resistance to terramycin.

I, too, have sent samples to the USDA (Beltsville) for testing and any that
were positive for AFB tested positive for terramycin resistance. I only sent
in several samples, so statistically, I would say resistance IS very common.
Since then, I have stopped treating and accepted the zero-tolerance approach
of burning frames and comb and scorching the hive bodies, bottom boards and
inner covers. Since then I have been AFB free.

Janet A. Ktz
Chester, NJ

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