The Library of Virginia in Richmond, Va. does have a number of
"manufacture" censuses as well as some "agriculture" censuses as I
recall.  Some of the manufacture censuses date back to the 1820s and
continue until 1830-1840, depending on the county. Many are written in a
journal format as well as a census-style format. Some of the enumerators
took pains to name the hired workers and the wages they were paid, etc.

Perhaps the National Archives in Washington, D.C. would have their own
manufacture or agriculture censuses as well?