[log in to unmask] ++++ Having suffered sever AFB when a neighboring unregistered apiary died out because of it, I can say that I used both and agree with what has been discussed. I would add that after having a hive very weakened by AFB it seemed impossible to control with TM25. However further spreading throughout the apiary was avoided by plugging all entrances of the weakened hive (to prevent robbing) until it could be burned and feeding TM25 to the whole apiary and any other apiaries that you might have taken equipment to. The burning had to be delayed because we were suffering a drought and fires without a permit were banned. I note too that Ontario no longer requires the beekeeper to burn AFB infected hive. However it is still recommended to burn heavily infected frames after dumping the bees onto new foundation. The colony should then be treated with TM25 and closely monitored. It is still recognized that burning the whole hive (and all infected hives) is safest. .... george