Hello, happy holidays, On observing the almost total loss of healthy colonies in this area, this fall, (SW Virginia, USA) (untreated) I wonder what Varroa does normally with it's host: since a dead hive means the end of that Varroa population as well. Might we see selection for Varroa that over-winter in temperate climates independently from their host, as well as for honey bees that tolerate Varroa infestation? Adam -- _________________ Adam Finkelstein [log in to unmask]