> No: 2, 3, Superscedure is usually caused by something the bees >detect, >Ovaries damaged by Nosema, poor mating, Underfed by weak cell builders producing weak Queens. > What you say is probably true but Supercedure is also an inheritable trait. Here in the UK the British Isles Bee Breeders Association (BIBBA), who have a web site now (Address???) make a feature of breeding queens that supercede. They are very useful in reducing colony swarming , which is a problem in the UK. Colonies give good yields, for our very variable stop-go climate! Yours [log in to unmask] - Northern Regional Bee Inspector, UK - Bee Curious phone/fax 01704 822831 snailmail 'Asland' Flash Lane, Rufford, Ormskirk, Lancs, L40 1SW - UK.