Either Graham, J ed. 1993 The Hive and the Honey bee, p. 1101 - 1104, or Morse and Nowogrodski, 1990 Honey Bee Pests, Predators and Diseases, p 55 - 58, describe the techniques used to control Nosema apis, including feeding fumagillin, acetic acid fumigation or heat treatment. Both are somewhat out of date in their description of the use of ethylene oxide, which is not used anymore because of operator hazard. Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET [log in to unmask]