>
> > I know disease when I see it.
>

How do you see nosema? How do you see any of the many viruses that affect
worker longevity with no external signs?
I don't waste time on queenless  colonies, but do see many weakened
colonies recover spontaneously.
I'm not saying that one should try to keep them all alive in fall.
All that I was saying is that I sure wouldn't combine a weak colony with a
strong one.  Better to combine weak with weak.


-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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