Deformed bees can result from the chilling of the brood. I wouldn't immediately suspect DWV > Many studies have shown that honey bee capped brood (larvae and pupal stages) raised at suboptimal temperatures can have negative effects on subsequent adult bees. First, brood raised at sub-optimal temperatures can result in deformations such as deformed wings, legs, and abdomen. Although eclosion rates are not different when brood are exposed to temperatures between 31–37°C, lengths of wings, proboscis, and tergum are significantly shorter and deformed bees appear at both ends of the extreme temperatures. Wang, Qing, et al. "Low-Temperature Stress during Capped Brood Stage Increases Pupal Mortality, Misorientation and Adult Mortality in Honey Bees." PloS one 11.5 (2016): e0154547. *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html