Are there stats kept on hive losses due to smb in the USA? What studies if any past or ongoing have contributed to loss stats? Excellent question... FWIW I lost about 5% this year here in IL..... just now really learning that they do in fact switch from parasite to predators. Charles *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html