> I have two questions that perhaps you can answer: > > 1. At the time of virus testing by Carreck's lab, IAPV had only recently > been identified (Sela 2005) and not yet widely publicized (Cox-Foster > 2007). > Since IAPV would have, prior to the publication of the genome of IAPV, > been > identified as either KBV or ABPV, whether it could have been the virus > identified as KBV by the Carreck lab. I believe you read my post incorrectly as the U.K. DID NOT find KBV in any of the samples *we sent.* Which led us to the conclusion KBV was brought into Florida with Hack. My question: We were told that KBV was not found in the yards in the area of the first CCD find. Can you or Jerry confirm? Other USDA sources said those yards with healty bees were not tested for virus. I believe we had sent samples from a couple the year before and virus was turned up but no KBV. The CCD working group constantly played down (myself and Danny Weaver could not believe and said so at meetings) the FACT Kashmir Bee virus ( a known bee killer in Canada) and nosema ceranae (a known bee killer in Spain) were in 100% of the CCD hackenburg samples and dismissed as the root of the problem and wanted funds to research further. Most beeks were quite as we feld those researchers needed something new killing bees to get funding. Commercial beeks knew the way to control both KBV & nosema ceranae in spring 2006 but not being some *new* problem killing bees little government help would come. Low varroa count keeps KBV at bay. Low spore counts keeps N. ceranae at bay. > 2. Re CCD spreading from Hackenberg's operation, I've heard that hives > from > Canada may have wound up in his operation shortly prior to his problems. If so then most likely the source of the KBV. Hack had only recently started to send hives into almonds before his crash so he could have picked up KBV in California but to my knowledge Hack has never sent bees into the Midwest and before California strictly worked the east coast. I was writing about hive problems in the Midwest so perhaps the reason hack suspected his problem came from the Midwest. All the Florida virus issue was never written about as was the way Florida beekeepers wanted things done. Florida over winter around Umatilla , then Brazillian pepper and orange. Then into blueberries and ending up on wildflower& goldenrod was Hacks route before he started doing almonds. Not sure the route now. It takes awhile for a virus to reach the level that KBV was found in 100% of samples (personal experience). Same with nosema ceranae. However with a huge frame exchange in spring I believe could happen with two springs but *in my opinion* not one spring. Hack & I never discussed bees from Canada being in his operation but I heard rumors later. bob *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm