I was wondering if any northern beekeepers are seeing resurgence in feral population, combined with low levels of varroa in domestic colonies. Some observations in my area: I've observed a dramatic surge in the feral population. Wintering survival was 100% in singles, compared to 60% or less priorly. A noticeable improvement in brood viability. Domestic colonies are maintaining very low levels of mites, without mite controls and regardless of cell size. A neighbor bought out a beekeeper from a 'distant place', and the colonies were witnessed by the bee inspector to have a mite load, within 2 years, as far as I know they are same stock and now reflect the same low levels of mites typically found in the area. Finally, I am getting a respectable surplus. Swarms seem to be healthy. From 1996, my methods were to check swarms placed on foundation, before 7 days have passed, and replace undrawn foundation with comb, to preserve foundation for swarms. This method I adopted because of unknown stress factors were slowing early comb drawing and expansion in swarms. But this season, it is typical to see 10 frames drawn in about 7 days, much quicker than prior years. Not making any claims, reason for improvement in health is unknown. Just relating my observations in this area. Best Wishes, Joe Waggle SW Pennsylvania *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm