Can anyone provide me references/citations re temperament of F1 crosses of Italian and Carniolans? And particularly if directionality of the cross affects the result? Recently I was discussing with a beek friend who is experienced with Carnis the plans of a third beek to requeen with Carniolans locally. Our region is 99.9% Italian for many years (Carnis have only been in the country a decade or so, no Caucasians or AMM here, so very Italian genes). He pointed out the issue of F1 crosses often having poor temperament, noting that he dealt with hives in another region that he described as 'savage' despite apparently otherwise good parentage, and believed it was likely an expression of the F1 cross. This rang vague bells for me, and an online search has pulled a couple of forum discussion references to this issue, but nothing I would put in front of this third beek and say 'have a think about this'. I did find one mention (which I promptly lost) that the temperament issue is directional - an Italian queen mated with Carniolan drones does not express poor temperament, but a Carniolan queen mated to Italian drones produces nasty daughters. I'd really appreciate any references/experiences anyone can offer. Regards Deanna Corbett Dee's Bees *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm