Jim >are not detectable at all with anything less than a microscope. I don't have a microscope, I'll have to change that I wonder if a "snow spot" would be a superior sample? And vis Chris (from memory) >and a nurse then feeds larvae with infected tounge Can larvae be infected with nosema? dave ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ******************************************************