Randy Based on the research I been doing on my colonies, the threshold for nosema varies colony to colony, or maybe strain to strain. I am sure we can develop bees more resistant to nosema but for this, as with varroa, we need to stop treatments for a while (accepting loosing some or lots of colonies) for selecting the resistant stock for further multiplication. -- Juanse Barros J. APIZUR S.A. Carrera 695 Gorbea - CHILE +56-45-271693 08-3613310 http://apiaraucania.blogspot.com/ [log in to unmask] ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ******************************************************