Maybe we need an anonymous login here (heavily moderated) so my fellow ccd suffers can gather their courage firmly in both hands (sorry for the extra work Aaron) Yes I am in Canada, mid Ontario, 1&2 hrs NE Toronto Last winter I had > 2/3 winterkill, over 1/2 of that was clearly ccd. I am not 'commercial', they never moved, the mites were reasonably well controlled. and except for the bear attack 4+ months earlier they were not stressed I hate repeating myself, read archives for the (considerable) information already said. (except to correct errors) As to new info: l-lysine and powdered Sulfur are not effective. Vinegar gives a reasonable ROI, nearly as effective as formic With all my efforts this yr I hope to have reasonable winter survival, the ccd is NOT gone only suppressed dave ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ******************************************************