Giuseppe wrote: > I hope that you have a friend who can translated Alta Vista Babelfish gave: In Sardinia we have had of strongest mortalities from 2001-2002 (beyond 60%, beyond 800 stream beds) to 2005 (beyond 40%) in these last two years we are stable to mortality of 15%. the greater percentage of losses happens in autumn. the strong and inexplicable forced mortality to to the purchase of a microscope and to one deepened surveying. the result and state infection from nosema. with search institutes we have carried out deepened surveyings more and we have uncovered that the type of nosema was the ceranae. has carried out various tests of effectiveness with various products fumagillina, apiherb, life fed, protofil. is in autumn that in spring, moreover we have regularly fumigato the chassis with acetic acid. the result of the tests and dramatically simple we have been able to notice that if in the stream beds champion, (that is where and be used no product.) the number of the spore diminished, all the products naturally had a variable effectiveness but satisfactory, instead if the number of spore in the stream beds champion increased naturally, no product had an important effectiveness moreover has noticed that also with a limited number of spore (800.000-3.000.000) but with presence of amebiasi cysts the spopolamento was much fast fort and carrying to the loss of the family (February-March 2005). we have tried the timolo following the search of the rice son of norman (6grammi x 100kg of sugar to dilute in order to make syrup) we have had of turns out to you controversial and currently not explicable why the spore number increased, but it seemed that the families developed themselves very well, with brooded tonic and no appearing symptom of nosema. from these it turns out to you we have decided to use timolo the every time that the bees have necessity of being fed beyond that a good number of colonies of rimonta. in these last two years it seems nearly that the nosema it is nearly scomparso and we have for hour difficulty to find a number adequate of stream beds infests you from nosema in order continuing the searches seems that pathology is tied in the strongest way to the climate of the season forgot about dirvi that we have not never carried out some import or export of alive material, and is still inquiring on like this arrived parasite in Sardinia and has had one outbreak similar and contemporary to Spain and in other zones of Europe. they are to your disposition for eventual clarifications. Can anyone do better? Best wishes Peter Edwards [log in to unmask] www.stratford-upon-avon.freeserve.co.uk/ ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ******************************************************