Just my .02 CCD seems to be a bit less a problem farthur north. I have 2 yards, 1 & 2 hrs NE of Toronto The south yard had 100% CCD The north yard none(CCD), but 1 loss was 'suspicious', bees more active (late) than they should have been. All loss was early in winter (15% at north) The nearest other BK (south) lost 10/11 The 11th is very strong, will it survive? The only common factor I can see is skunk (visits) maybe its: sick skunk -->t-mite -->restless 'itchy' bee??? Did anyone using formic late summer have any CCD??? please reply, negative info as valuable as positive On a more cheerful note I'm still pleased with my electric heaters, all the nucs survived They are running as I type. I did stuff a pollen frame into most(nucs) since they had none No pollen here yet (see archive for details re heaters) dave ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ******************************************************