Hi Peter, Thanks for the reply. Maybe I'm just allergic to the constant cry of gimme gimme, especially from some who have been asking the same since 1999. It's working and good enough for me, is good enough for my bees. And it's almost good enough for me :>) But I like to understand the factors/behaviors involved. I believe a better understanding of the factors involve would make small cell beekeeping easier. Initially, I didn't buy all of the small cell beekeeping concepts. But knew something was working and no other viable alternatives to the pesticide treadmill were available. So, I tried to replicate Dee Lusby's methods and sort the facts/details out for myself. I was skeptical. And even more shocked by the positive results. Once my treatment free beekeeping stabilized, I had time to speculate concerning the hows and whys which got me into trouble with other some of the other small cell beekeepers :>))) I doubt a single factor is involved. But a clean, functioning broodnest is very important. I hope that those who have the need and the ability, do some real experimenting. And then share it with the rest of us. Keep warm. The trees will be blooming soon. Regards Dennis -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and other info ---