Bob, Your comments regarding the ongoing colony losses in the US caused more than a raised eyebrow. I am not on site, nor in contact with any individual who has (is) directly involved! - But, picking up on the statement that all commercial outfits that had lost colonies has EFB, and at the same time mis-diagnosed it for PMS make me ask: If they thought it was PMS, then any test to indicated V.j. load levels would have sorted that point out to a negative or positive. The EFB point again, if this is the main culprit - then why are there no statements in public stating the fact that this is the simple cause of the losses. Heck, EFB would not be difficult for the academics of this world to id. Would it not also be in the gossip rounds that colonies have died but had combs containing larva appearing to have acute stomach ache even though varroa levels were below threshold. Are there so many individuals who cannot id. EFB? Peter -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and other info ---