In a message dated 13/11/2006 13:12:40 GMT Standard Time, [log in to unmask] writes: <<I too think that far too much stress is placed on winter feeding, when the population dynamics of the bees and their racial characteristics should be more explored to find or develop strains that do not require excessive winter stores.>> I couldn't agree more. the first bees I had wintered in clusters the size of a football, and needed feeding like mad just to scrape through. The ones I have now have clusters the size of a grapefruit, have just as many bees by about the middle of May, and overwinter on about two frames of honey. I wouldn't normally feed at all, though I confess to doing a little this year after a disastrous season. But what a difference! Regards, Robert Brenchley -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and other info ---