Bob asked: > Can you tell a Italian from a Carniolan by head shape? Why bother? Carniolans are (generally) so dark, and Italians (generally) so light, you can tell one from the other at 5 yards when the bee is in flight. But, like you, I assumed that morphology would be very similar, if not identical between the two. jim (And in other news, a whole bunch of horrible depressing stuff also happened around the globe, but we'll ignore that for now.) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/BEE-L for rules, FAQ and other info --- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::