As Lloyd states, nail or staple going horizontally through the end bar and into the top bar. I use staples only and have never bothered with glue! In lifting out the brood frames, on the odd occasion the top bar will part from the side - usually if the side bar has been propolised in place ( this occurring if the frame is left too close to the brood box wall, removing the bee space). This happens 3 or 4 times over the season. The frames that I use and are habitually used here in France are Dadant format - therefore quite large and do test the staples. I consider it a pain to spend time in gluing and then stapling. During extraction - the size of the frames extracted are the half deep dadant format - and suffer not problems from being held only together with staples. Langstroth frames in an extractor - it is maybe wise to glue and staple, I have no experience in extracting this size of frame. Peter France Willows will be in flower in about one week in Centre west France. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: BEE-L subscribers are reminded to read and follow the guidelines for posting, which are available online at: http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::