> The published science on the subject of heat and AFB that I > know of is focused on AFB spores in wax, in honey, or alone. > I don't think that anyone has ever tried to study the case of > "on woodenware". (Too many variables.) Well, I cannot quote the source (author), but there was a poster at the Niagara Falls meeting giving results of studies of AFB remaining viable in foundation and actually resulting in vegetative cases of AFB when given to clean hives. Conclusions drawn were thar AFB can remain viable in foundation and actually resulting in vegetative cases of AFB when given to clean hives. DUH! Observation was that the wax used to make the foundation hadn't been heated to a high enough temperature. DUH!! Heat the wax hot enough and it will kill AFB spores, whether in a vat of wax or on wooden equipment. The variable on wooden equipment is that the wooden equipment must remain in the vat of hot wax to assure that the temperature of ALL the wooden surfaces rise to an AFB-Lethal temperature. Same concept applies to wooden ware in a conduction vat of wax of a convection kiln oven. Raise the temperature to an AFB-lethal degree and the AFB WILL die. No need to carry the discussion further than quoting what is the AFB-lethal temperature, which I'd give right here, but I don't recall off the top of my head, I don't have any of 1000 beekeeping books at my fingertips to find the temperature and I'm too tired of this thread to surf to any of 100 web pages that will give the information. Aaron Morris - thinking heat is heat and lethal temperatures are lethal temperatures and assured that the debate will continue.