Tom writes I suppose that we are short of a term to specify succinctly 'using treatments against varroa which do not include the use of Apistan, Bayvarol or Coumaphos' reply: I would say "natural" or "non-chemical". I think this is what we all want, but if the only way to get it is to let the susceptible bees simply die, well -- that's a bitter pill to have to swallow. That's why a lot of people are hoping to *breed* better bees and use any and all means possible (IPM) to keep them alive in the meantime. Keep the faith!! pb