I am hearing stories of big mid western outfits with 40% or more TM resistant AFB.That means some of this has been and will be here in the 500 mile bee yard referred to by Bhaver.So you had better believe other antibiotics will be used,because only a fool is going to burn thousands of hives to stop what is already unstoppable.How many hives were prevented from mite infestation by govt restrictions?Absolutely 0.So this is a management issue,not something that can be solved by regulation.Ok,Tm worked for 40 years in spite of all who said it was a time bomb.If Tylosin works for 40 more,why worry?Yes we should be breeding for hygeinic behavior(some are).But realistically,the hygeinic lines are going to always be crossing with lines that are being kept alive with antibiotics.Same with mite resistant lines.Unless the breeder does as Aarron suggests and does nonstop monitoring.Of course your stock will also be affecting your neighbors line of bees also,so some progress will be made. So,IMHO,it is Ok to keep your bees alive with whatever it takes,but at the same time look for and breed for those factors that keep the bees healthy without intervention,just in case the new AFB treatments DO NOT last 40 years. -Mike --------------------------------------------- This message was sent using InterStar WebMail