Hi to all reading this list. One remark to the observation of Scott. I am from Germany, following this list for about 3 years. I have been on a beekeeping meeting at the Institue for Bee research at Celle (Niedersachsen, northern part of Germany). On that meeting one scientist said, that even the workers of the european honeybee will be able to lay under certain conditions fertile eggs wich could lead to females i.e. queens. I this would be correct, than the many observations of single eggs found sometimes above queen excluders could be eggs from laying bees (not queens). So far i did not see published validated data on that matter but at least this opinion was mentioned within a lecture. [log in to unmask]