There are THREE ways bugs can be become resistant:

1). less penetration, letting less to reach the inside,
2). degradation (P450, esterases etc), destroying the chemical before it
reaches the target, and
3). target -site alternation (my old post).

My post last time  was only toward Lloyds original post.  If a bug uses 1 or
2, they can be "cross-resistant" to two or more chemicals.  However
some people consider them to be "tolerant" only unless the bug has #3
as a mechanism.

There is no scientific evidence (yet) that the fluvalinate-resistant mites
are also coumaphos resistant, aside from anecdotal evidence.

Zach

On Sun, 1 Jun 2003 21:55:24 -0400, James Fischer
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:

>  But how does this finding correlate with the "dual-resistance"
>  to BOTH fluvalinate and coumaphos experienced by beekeepers who
>  used coumaphos, and only coumaphos for a few seasons?
>
>  From what you say, it follows that fluvalinate resistance cannot be
>  "the same as" coumaphos resistance, and neither can be the same as
>  "dual resistance".  This seems to imply that there is more than one
>  way to be "fluvalinate resistant".
>
>  Or am I confused?
>
>
>                jim
>
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