As Lloyd states, nail or staple going horizontally through the end bar and into the top bar.

I use staples only and have never bothered with glue!

In lifting out the brood frames, on the odd occasion the top bar will part from the side - usually
if the side bar has been propolised in place ( this occurring if the frame is left too close to the
brood box wall, removing the bee space).

This happens 3 or 4 times over the season.
The frames that I use and are habitually used here in France are Dadant format - therefore quite
large and do test the staples.
I consider it a pain to spend time in gluing and then stapling.

During extraction - the size of the frames extracted are the half deep dadant format - and suffer
not problems from being held only together with staples.

Langstroth frames in an extractor - it is maybe wise to glue and staple, I have no experience in
extracting this size of frame.

Peter
France

Willows will be in flower in about one week in Centre west France.

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