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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology

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From:
"Peter L. Borst" <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Wed, 22 Aug 2007 07:25:28 -0400
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> Wild honey bees instinctively build the size that is correct for that species in that locale.

Dee Lusby :

> With one exception: each layer of hybridization makes for bigger sizing and complex hybridization is not naturally found in Nature. Only simple hybridization is found in Nature.

* Here you have introduced a unique concept that is not a part of the
scientific understanding of selection and breeding. Hybridization
originally referred to crosses between different species such as the
horse and donkey. It has been extended by breeders to include crosses
between breeds or "races". However, as outlined in the following
quote, human selection utilizes the same mechanisms as natural
selection:

Artificial selection is the intentional breeding of certain traits, or
combinations of traits, over others. It was originally defined by
Charles Darwin in contrast to the process of natural selection, in
which the differential reproduction of organisms with certain traits
is attributed to improved survival and reproductive ability in the
natural habitat of the organism. Artificial selection that produces an
undesirable outcome from a human perspective is sometimes called
negative selection.

Charles Darwin originally coined the term as an illustration of his
proposed wider process of natural selection. He noted that many
domesticated animals and plants had special properties that were
developed by intentionally encouraging the breeding potential of
individuals who both possessed desirable characteristics, and
discouraging the breeding of individuals who had less desirable
characteristics.

The difference between natural and artificial selection centers on the
difference in environment among organisms subject to the two
processes. Essentially, in artificial selection, the fitness, which is
the amount of offspring an individual contributes to a population
relative to other individuals in that same population of an organism,
is defined in part by its display of the traits being selected for by
human beings. Because humans either intentionally or unintentionally
exert control over which organisms in a population reproduce or how
many offspring they produce, the distribution of traits in the
organisms' population will change.

It should be emphasized that there is no real difference in the
genetic processes underlying artificial and natural selection, and
that the concept of artificial selection was first introduced as an
illustration of the wider process of natural selection. The selection
process is termed "artificial" when human preferences or influences
have a significant effect on the evolution of a particular population
or species.

Indeed, many evolutionary biologists view domestication as a type of
natural selection and adaptive change that occurs as organisms are
brought under the control of human beings.

-- 

SOURCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_selection

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