Chris wrote:
> Normally bees deposit their faeces outside the hive and this limits the
> passage of Nosema from one bee to another.

Right you are Chris.  But my take on the nosema research is that chilling 
alone causes nosema (apis, at least) explosion irregardless of defecation. 
I have no idea whether it has to do with bee immune function or nosema 
reproduction.

Randy 

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