Could
> there have been a possibility of infection by border crossing bees?

We will never know and as David said matters little now. What we do know now 
and and was the position I took back in 06 is that the problem (CCD?) does 
not spread *quickly* through areas.

Nosema ceranae takes time to end up in 100% of samples. my guess would be 
two years.

Kashmir bee virus (KBV)takes time to end up in 100% of samples.

I speak with beeks today which are seeing virus & nosema issues for the 
first time and always only in a few hives. Left alone *in my opinion* both 
can spread through the yard.

*in my opinion* what we saw in Hack's bees was the *end* phase of a nosema 
ceranae event combined with advanced parasitic mite syndrome (PMS) which 
*involved* KBV (instead of the normal virus associated with PMS ).

I saw the above as soon as I read the test results. As did Danny Weaver and 
others and we discussed the point of view at national meetings.

However *for whatever reasons* the CCD working group chose to say what was 
happening was a new yet undiscovered problem. Send money! Lots of money!

WMD (Iraq war) and CCD ( beekeeping) are similar *in my opinion* as certain 
people were positive both were there but now we need to move on and admit 
*most likely* CCD was only what it appeared to be at the start.

I try to keep an open mind but so far no research done on CCD has changed my 
mind!

Nosema ceranae & KBV problems can be fixed.

bob 

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