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Subject:	Re: Fall dwindle disease, AKA CCD
From:	Peter Loring Borst <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:	Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:	Thu, 7 Jul 2011 21:07:08 -0400
Content-Type:	text/plain
Parts/Attachments:	text/plain (44 lines)

> Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and Israeli acute paralysis virus of bees (IAPV), an unclassified virus that may reflect a distinct lineage of KBV or a new species, were found ONLY in CCD operations. We found Nosema spp. by PCR and spore count in both CCD and non-CCD operations, but no novel iflavirus. The overall prevalence of any Nosema species was 94.1% (100%, CCD; 85.7%, non-CCD). In contrast, the dicistroviruses KBV and IAPV correlated with CCD in our metagenomic survey. The prevalence of KBV, IAPV, N.ceranae and N. apis was tested in 51 pools of bees. CCD samples were more likely than samples from non-CCD operations to contain more than one of these four pathogens.


Table 1. Closest sequenced relatives identified through BLAST analysis of the high-throughput sequence data.

Kingdom Taxon (rank) Organism

Bacteria Firmicutes (phylum) Lactobacillus sp. Uncultured Firmicutes
Bacteria Actinobacteria (class) Bifidobacterium sp.
Bacteria Alphaproteobacteria (class) Bartonella sp., Gluconacetobacter sp.
Bacteria Betaproteobacteria (class) Simonsiella sp.
Bacteria Gammaproteobacteria (class)Two uncultured species

Fungus Entomophthorales (order) Pandora delphacis
Fungus Mucorales (order) Mucor spp.

Fungus/Microsporidian Nosematidae (family) Nosema ceranae
Fungus/Microsporidian Nosematidae (family) Nosema apis

Eukaryota Trypanosomatidae (family) Leishmania/Leptomonas sp. 

Metazoan Varroidae (family) Varroa destructor

Virus (unclassified) Chronic bee paralysis virus
Virus Iflavirus (genus) Sacbrood virus
Virus Iflavirus (genus) Deformed wing virus

Virus Dicistroviridae (family) Black queen cell virus
Virus Dicistroviridae (family) Kashmir bee virus
Virus Dicistroviridae (family) Acute bee paralysis virus
Virus Dicistroviridae (family) Israeli acute paralysis virus of bees

Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder
Diana L. Cox-Foster, et al. 
www.sciencexpress.org /6 September 2007

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