Bob wrote:

>>>>We saw Kashmir bee virus and nosema ceranae in 100% of Hack's
samples.<<<<<
I lived at Hacks (in my RV) for the week of investigation. I met a lot of
new people but I don't remember seeing you. Sorry. :)

>>>>The subject under discussion between myself, David Adams, Hackenberg (by
phone) Dick M & Medhat was about what went on in Florida when the USDA
looked at and took samples of only Hack's bees (Dick now should know I was
correct in my saying  only Hack's bees were sampled)<<<<

I am available for correction but my memory is that we sampled from 4
beekeepers. Burts bees were represented. Dave Adams did a lot of
sampling...can't remember if we sampled his own bees or not. After all,
wouldn't it be silly to skip around and NOT establish a baseline? Mite
samples were taken as well. Infected hives were mapped. It was Feb and cold.
I won't forget it. (I have pictures). Young Dave H, had his own operation;
does he count?

On the subject of what's in a hive. Dr. Doug Dingman in Cts Agricultural
Experiment Station, did his doctorate a long time ago on AFB. In little CT,
not a place where there is much migratory beekeeping, he found spores in
half the hives he looked at. Tracking a few colonies of mine, even heavy
loads of spores did not bring the active phase of the disease.
Because something is there, doesn't mean much.

M. Higes made a good case for Nosema Ceranae being the sole culprit. I sent
you the paper where it was proposed that four treatments were needed to kill
it. This was in 06. Time marches on.

A lot of things were advanced but things move on. The latest growing edge
seems to be Jerrys findings. To stay with KBV+Nosema-C seems to ignore him.

Dick Marron

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