Another issue I'd like to propose re: the risk of aspiration--- I've seen babies at the breast cough, choke and sputter. Did they aspirate and then try to clear it? What are the ramifications here? More to another point--- we need to remember that part of the equation of risk is the fluid that is potentially aspirated. Between glucose water, formula and human milk, only human milk is a physiologic substance that carries much less risk of pneumonia or other complications than do the other two fluids. I wish someone would attack the habit of giving glucose water to babies (not to mention routine formula) as avidly as this cup feeding issue is being presented! Not to discount the concerns here, but some things are relative when taken in a broader context. Geoff, do your studies differentiate on the fluid aspirated? I do consider this an important point. Secondly, I'd like to hear more about the problems that don't show up until adolescence, as I've never heard that before. -Lisa Marasco, BA, IBCLC