> <<<As I have some yards that have been exposed to Varroa it is my > intention to treat these with Apistan this fall. Well, I wonder if any varroa can be detected. What is the cost of sampling vs. treatment? What is the effect of fluvalinate on wintering bees? My understanding is that it is a poison that affects the bees only to a lesser extent than the mites. Why use it if no mites can be found? Regards Allen W. Allen Dick, Beekeeper VE6CFK RR#1, Swalwell, Alberta Canada T0M 1Y0 Internet:[log in to unmask] & [log in to unmask] Honey. Bees, & Art <http://www.internode.net/~allend/>