Do Males produce prolactin and/or oxytocin? After hearing people on-line describe "phantom let-downs," I must admit it sounds very similar to the sensations I feel when I witness a baby latch on and feed for the first time. It is a warmth that spreads throughout my chest. Is it possible, or just something else?? Right on, Jeffrey. Oxytocin is released during skin contact and especialy coitus in both sexes, and was referred to by Newton as the hormone of affiliation: pair-bonding as well as maternal bonding, a key to a viable long-term partnership. Ditto prolactin. Studies of species such as some mice where males were infant caretakers showed higher prolactin levels with increased skin contact. Kangaroo care has benefits for all who do it whether staff or parent of either gender, as well as baby. I'm sure there's an ILCA tape on this from not too many years ago. And by the way, prolactin levels can be sufficient to allow full lactation with simultaneous success as a stud: at least for a family of pedigree goats Prof Short has lectured about! The grandfather died of mastitis while his grandson learned to drink his own milk and lived to a ripe old age. Now that's flexibility and fhaving it all! Maureen