Been following this thread with interest, but I'm still left with a question. While there is plenty of reason to urge the mom to quit smoking, what is the cost/benefit analysis for her if she can't/won't quit and must choose between the risks of breastfeeding vs. the risks of formula to her smoke-exposed baby? Once you take it as a given that the baby is going to be exposed to cigarette smoke, isn't the baby better off with breastfeeding, even if the milk contains nicotine and/or metabolites? Aren't there *any* studies that address this question? Rachael Hamlet <[log in to unmask]> Owner, Lactivist Mailing List Author, The Breastfeeding Advocacy Web Site http://www.clark.net/pub/activist/bfpage/bfpage.html