Kathy, I thought it was an excess of 80,000 calories by the end of the 8th month -- and I thought it was presented by someone at a LLL Physician's conference at some point. The other thing is that I suspect babies take more (of anything) out of a bottle than they do out of the breast at any one feed, partially because they can't really regulate how much they take from the botte -- not to mention the clean plate (bottle) club -- and they end up consuming more than necessary from that perspective. Also, I suspect that babies need to take in a greater volume of formula to meet their needs because of the inefficiency of digestion & absorption of nutrients. Or, am I off base here? Jan B.