I'm not sure exactly what you are asking; I think your term was "milk loss" not being substantiated by studies. Certainly studies have substantiated that milk supply is decreased when nipples shields are used. The best study I know of is one by K. Auerbach. I think it was 1991 or 1990 in JOGNN, but Kathy is on the net, I'm sure she can give you a list of resources as long as your arm that clearly substantiate how detrimental these devices are. I apologize, but I still haven't figured out how to copy little snippets of the message without copying the whole message. If I had the figured out, I could have copied you key words and made more sense to others reading this! (Think I'll ever be smart enough to do all of these tricks?) -- Marie Biancuzzo, RN MS Perinatal Nurse Consultant PO Box 1562 Phone: 703-758-0092 Herndon, Virginia 22070-1562 email: [log in to unmask]