I would like to add an addendum to Dave Green's note regarding pesticide applications to fruit trees in bloom lest anyone misinterpret the comments and create problems for him / herself. First the term pesticide is broadly defined and includes everything from rodenticides, herbicides, and fungicides to insecticides. Second some pesticide applications can be made legally during bloom. These include the application of fungicides for disease control as Dave indicated, but also streptomycin for the control of fireblight. Growers may also apply some growth regulators or foliar nutrients. These materials do not cause bee kills. Therefore, simply observing a grower making a spray application during bloom does not mean he or she is doing anything wrong or illegal. Even a bee insecticide kill and the observation of a bloom application by a fruit grower does not mean the two are connected, since the insecticide could come from another source (we've had such a case in Virginia). Most growers and extension agents are well informed as to the importance of bees for pollination and know the dangers of applying insecticides to any plants in bloom, including ground cover plants. Occasional misuse does occur, but it is the exception rather than the rule. Spray recommendation bulletins are updated yearly in most states, so no agent or grower should be following old information. It is good to be concerned, but also be sure of the situation before accusing someone, or creating ill feelings because of a false accusation. If you are concerned about possible problems, talk to the grower. Most of those with whom I've worked in the past 15-20 years are interested in doing what they can to protect bees and many are good supporters of the bee industry. Rick Fell > Richard Fell e-mail: [log in to unmask] Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061 703-231-7207 Fax 703-231-9131