I guess it is time for a reminder. WHile I do not necessarily agree that everyone should suddenly introduce insects/etc without some study (eg. the notorious Gypsy Moth), Apis mellifera is itself an introduced species and there are been several introductions from 1600's on to 1922. I did a new chapter for Dr. Morse's new Pests, Predators book on the diptera pests of HBs and Braula species can be traced directly to country of origin of the queens that were imported and when. Diana Sammataro