Thanks to all who responded to my inquiry regarding historic cemeteries. A few of you suggested contacting third parties for additional information, and I am in the process of doing this. In the mean time, I have compiled an incomplete bibliography of the information provided by ARCH-L and HISTARCH members for your use. If anyone cares to fill in the gaps, I would appreciate it. THANKS AGAIN FOR YOUR HELP! Chuck Niquette American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1987 Whole journal dedicated to the excavation of African American cemeteries and the resulting information on Reconstruction, Slavery etc. Bada, Jeff et al. 19? ? . Applied Geochemistry 4(3):325-327. Barba, Preston Albert 1954 Pennsylvania German Tombstones: A Study in Folk Art. Bartel, B. 1982 A Historical Review of Ethnological and Archaeological Analyses of Mortuary Practice. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1:32-58. Bell, Edward L. 1990 The Historical Archaeology of Mortuary Behavior: Coffin Hardware from Uxbridge, Massachusetts. Historical Archaeology 24(3):54-78. 1994 Vestiges of Mortality and Remembrance: A Bibliography on the Historical Archaeology of Cemeteries. Scarecrow Press, 52 Liberty Street, Box 4167, Metuchen, NJ 08840. Ph. 800-537-7107. indexed bibliography of some 1600 reports on historical cemeteries. Benes. Peter 1977 The Masks of Orthodoxy: Folk Gravestone Carving in Plymouth County. Massachusetts, 1689-1805. Brown, J.A. (editor) 1971 Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices. Memoirs No. 35. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C. Bryan H. ([log in to unmask]) 1994 Personal Communication Although a bit of a Stretch, you might be able to cite James Deetz s work on gravestones in defense of cemeteries as sources of anthropological inquiry. He was able to use them to demonstrate behavioral shifts. Also, depending upon the age of the cemetery, it would provide valuable material to study clothing of classes not well documented, as well as the biological/medical realm. Personally, I find it astounding you would have to defend a cemetery as an archaeological resource. I mean, there would be no questioning of it if it were prehistoric, would there? But as and Historical Archaeologist, I ve seen that attitude of we already know it many times! Butler, R. Stockton 1994 Personal Communication Worked in North Carolina with NC Office of State Archaeology. Documented various abandoned cemeteries. Documented each site location, elevation, soil composition, arrangement of graves, water proximity, and other data. Purpose was to: observe the patterns of Southern Folk cemeteries and their arrangement, dispersion and abandonment. Cannon, A. 1989 The Historical Dimension in Mortuary Expressions of Status and Sentiment. Current Anthropology 30:437-458. Cohen-Williams, A. 1994 Personal Communication Things that are not included in written records are grave goods. Historic graves often yield jewelry, rosaries, crosses, etc., as well as articles of clothing, i.e. buttons, etc. Cotter, John et al. 19? The Buried Past: An Archaeological History of Philadelphia. On excavated cemeteries Dethefsen, Edward 1981 The Cemetery and Culture Change: Archaeological Focus and Ethnographic Perspective. In Modern Material Culture: The Archaeology of Us, edited by R. Gould and M. Schiffer, pp. 137-159. Academic Press, New York. Dethefsen, Edward and James Deetz 1966 Death s Heads, Cherubs and Willow Trees: Experimental Archaeology in Colonial Cemeteries. American Antiquity 31:502-509. Eakins, J. Kenneth 1993 Tell El-Hesi: The Muslim Cemetery in Fields V and VI/IX (Stratum II). edited by John R. Spencer and Kevin G. O Connell, S.J. The Joint Archaeological Expedition to Tell el-Hesi: Vol 5. IN Eisenbrauns. field research from 1970-1983, American school of Oriental Research. Excavation and publication of skeletal material and associated artifacts. Elia, Ricardo J. and Al B. Wesolowsky (editors) 1992 Excavations at the Uxbridge Almshouse Burial Ground in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. BAR International Series 564. temvs Reparatvm: Oxford. Ford, Donald 1985 Abandoned and Semi-Active Cemeteries in Kansas. Higginson Books, Salem, Massachusetts. Francaviglia, Richard V. 1971 The Cemetery as an Evolving Cultural Landscape. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 61:501-509. Gillon, Edmond Vincent 1972 Victorian Cemetery Art. Gordon, Terry 1982 Texas Graveyards: A Cultural Legacy. The University of Texas Press. Jackson, Kenneth T. 1989 Silent Cities: The Evolution of the American Cemetery. Little, Barbara J., Kim M. Lanphear, and Douglas W. Owsley 1992 Mortuary Display and Status in a Nineteenth-Century Anglo-American Cemetery in Manassas, Virginia. American Antiquity 57(3):397-418. Information on medical practices, paleopathology, and coffin architecture (much more variable than headstones in this case). Good bibliography for historic cemeteries. Excavations. Linden, Blanche 1980 The Willow Tree and Urn Motif: Changing Ideas About Death and Nature. Markers: Journal of the Association for Gravestone Studies 1:149-155. Ludwig, Allan L. 1966 Graven Images: New England Stonecarving and its Symbols McGuire, Randall H. 1988 Dialogues with the Dead: Ideology and the Cemetery. In The Recovery of Meaning: Historical Archaeology in the Eastern United States, Edited by M. Leone and R. Parker, pp. 435-480 Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C. an example of how grave stone analysis can provide interesting data regarding the communities which erected them. Meyer, Richard E. (Editor) 19? Cemeteries and Gravemarkers: Voices of American Culture. (With an intro by James Deetz) Millard, Andrew 1994 Personal Communication There have been some important excavations of some church burials in the U.K. You might look at the reports on the excavations at Spitalfields, London - published by the Council for British Archaeology 1993. Article in British Archaeological News (Sept 1994) about an excavation inside a church where they recovered medieval textiles. There are very many possibilities if you can identify the individuals. See for example : Jeff Bada et al. in Applied Geochemistry 4(3): 325-327. Moore, Jerry, Cynthia Blaker, Grant Smith 1991 Cherished are the Dead: Changing Social Dimensions in a Kansas Cemetery. Plains Anthropologist 36(133):67-78. Involves analysis of tombstone styles. National Register Bulletin Number 41 Guidelines For Evaluating and Regeristing Cemeteries and Burial Places Nutty, Coleen L. 1984 Cemetery Symbolism of Pariare Pioneers: Gravestone Art and Social Change in Story County, Iowa. Journal of the Iowa Archaeological Society 31:1-135. O Shea, J.M. 1984 Mortality Variability, An Archaeological Investigation. Academic Press, New York. Parker, Pearson M. 1982 Mortuary Practices, Society, and Ideology: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach. In Symbolic and Structural Archaeology, Edited by I. Hodder, pp. 99-113. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Price, Larry 1966 Some Results and Implications of a Cemetery Study. Professional Geographer 18:201-207. [log in to unmask] 1994 Personal Communication: There are a host of bioarchaeological questions, and other areas to consider. For example, the artistic nature of the graves, grave stones, landscape features, decorative arts, etc. On National Forests in S. Carolina, all cemeteries are given site numbers and National Register status. Rose, J.C. 1985 Gone to a Better Land: A Biohistory of a Rural Black Cemetery in the Post-reconstruction South. Research Series N. 25 . Arkansas Archeological Survey, Fayetteville. describes the excavation and bioarchaeological analysis of an historic black cemetery in rural Arkansas. Also a discussion of NRHP status. Call the Survey, Nese: 501-575-3556, for more info. Sloane, David 19? The Last Great Necessity On American cemeteries in general Thomas, D.H., S. South, and C.S. Larsen 1977 Rich Man, Poor Men: Observations on Three Antebellum Burials from the Georgia Coast. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 54(3):393-420. Toombs, Lawrence E. 1985 Tell el-Hesi: Modern Military Trenching and Muslim Cemetery in Field I, Strata I-II, edited by Kevin G. O Connell, S.J. The Joint Archaeological Expedition to Tell el-Hesi: Vol 2. Waterloo, ON: The Wilfrid Laurier University Press. excavation and detailed publication of skeletal remains and associated grave goods. Trubowitz (editor) 19? Clear Grove. Arkansas Archeological Survey pub.