To Donovan and Rick: Good points. Justin's chapter pretty much covers the field. He has first hand experience since he got bit on the finger by a Rattlesnake. Got mighty sick. Several weeks later he had a really bloated, ugly finger. Personally, I think he over-states the case against immunotherapy treatments. They do work. I have colleagues who do research in remote areas where Medical attention is not convenient. My feelings, venon is plentiful, the pharmaceutical companies have little interest - not enough sales. So, treatment is articially expensive. It doesn't have to be. Jerry [log in to unmask]