>
> >I've wondered if the histopath images we see, showing
> vegitatative Nosema exfoliating from the lining of the ventriculus is just
> a
> normal process where digestive goblets are beeing discharged into the
> matrix
> of pollen slurry, including the peritrophic membrane - that this is a
> normal
> symbiotic function or at least an adaptive one and not a suggestion of
> pathology?


Apoptosis of the midgut epithelial cells is a normal process, esp when
trigger by the invasion of a virus or nosema.  Both viruses and nosema code
for proteins that suppress this innate immune response.  So in answer to
your question, *lack* of apoptosis when a cell is infected by nosema is non
adaptive.


-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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